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Biological Description

Description: SB 203580 is a p38 MAPK inhibitor (IC50: 0.3-0.5 μM). It shows more than 100-fold selectivity over PKB, LCK, and GSK-3β.

Targets&IC50: PKB:3-5 μM (THP-1 cells), p38 MAPK:0.3-0.5 μM (THP-1 cells)

In vitro: The concentrations of SB203580 required to block PKB phosphorylation (IC50: 3-5 μM) are only approximately 10-fold higher than those required to inhibit p38 MAP kinase (IC50: 0.3-0.5 μM). SB 203580 inhibits RK in vitro (IC50: 0.6 μM), suppresses the activation of MAPKAP kinase-2 and prevents the phosphorylation of heat shock protein (HSP) 27 in response to interleukin-1. Pretreatment with the p38 MAPK specific inhibitor SB203580 (1 μM) or overexpression of kinase-deficient mutants of MKK3 or MKK6 did not affect OA-enhanced NF-kappaB transcriptional potency. 5 and 10 μM SB203580 enhanced rather than inhibited NF-kappaB-mediated promoter activity by 2 fold

In vivo: SB203580 improved renal function by decreasing the levels of proteinuria and serum BUN, ameliorating the pathologic changes of kidney and reducing Ig and C(3) depositions in the kidney. Hepatocytes necrosis, recruitment and proliferation of leucocytes in liver and spleen were found to be inhibited by administration of SB203580. Compared with placebo, high dose SB203580 (100 mg/kg) pretreatment increased the hazards ratio of death. Decreasing doses (10, 1, or 0.1 mg/kg) went from being harmful to having no significant effect. At 48 hours, but not 24 hours after E. coli, high and low dose SB203580 pretreatment decreased cardiac phosphorylated p38 MAPK levels and improved cardiac output either. Low dose SB203580 did not alter lung neutrophils significantly but increased lung injury at 48 hours. High dose decreased lung neutrophils and injury at 24 hours but then increased them at 48 hours.

Kinase Assay: Cells were lysed in Buffer A for Western blotting and PKB kinase assays. Kinase assays were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, 4 μg of sheep anti-PKBα was immobilized on 25 μl of protein G-Sepharose overnight (or 1.5 h) and washed in Buffer A (50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mMEGTA, 0.5 mM Na3VO4, 0.1% β-mercaptoethanol, 1% Triton X-100, 50 mM sodium fluoride, 5 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 0.1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1 μg/ml aprotinin, pepstatin, leupeptin, and 1 μM microcystin). The immobilized anti-PKB was then incubated with 0.5 ml of lysate (from 5 × 10^6 cells) for 1.5 h and washed three times in 0.5 ml of Buffer A supplemented with 0.5 M NaCl, two times in 0.5 ml of Buffer B (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 0.03% (w/v) Brij-35, 0.1 mM EGTA, and 0.1% β-mercaptoethanol), and twice with 100 μl of assay dilution buffer; 5× assay dilution buffer is 100 mM MOPS, pH 7.2, 125 mMβ-glycerophosphate, 25 mM EGTA, 5 mM sodium orthovanadate, 5 mM DTT. To the PKB enzyme immune complex was added 10 μl of assay dilution buffer, 40 μM protein kinase A inhibitor peptide, 100 μM PKB-specific substrate peptide, and 10 μCi of [γ-32P]ATP, all made up in assay dilution buffer. The reaction was incubated for 20 min at room temperature with shaking, then samples were pulse spun, and 40 μl of reaction volume were removed into another tube to which was added 20 μl of 40% trichloroacetic acid to stop the reaction. This was mixed and incubated for 5 min at room temperature, and 40 μl was transferred onto P81 phosphocellulose paper and allowed to bind for 30 s. The P81 pieces were washed three times in 0.75% phosphoric acid then in acetone at room temperature. γ-32P incorporation was then measured by scintillation counting.

Cell Research: The luciferase reporter plasmid pIL6luc(-122) and the CAT reporter plasmid p(TRE)5CAT were transfected into TF-1 cell line by means of electroporation. Prior to transfection, cells were cultured for 16?h at a density of 0.5×10^6 cells/ml in the appropriate medium, washed twice and resuspended in RPMI 1640 at a density of 10×10^6 in 200?μl. When transfected with a single plasmid, 25?μg of DNA was added and the mixture was left at room temperature for 15?min. Cotransfections were performed with 15?μg of the reporter plasmid pIL6luc(-122) together with 15?μg of the dominant-negative expression plasmids (pRSV-MKK3(Ala), pcDNA3-MKK6(K82A), pRSV-NΔRaf1, pcDNA3-MKK4(Ala), pcDNA3-Flag-JNK1, or pcDNA3 (empty vector). Cotransfections of pGAL4tkluc (5?μg) with either pGAL4p65 (5?μg) or pGAL4dbd (5?μg) were performed under similar conditions. In addition, cells were cotransfected with 2?μg of a CMV-CAT plasmid, to normalize for transfection efficiency. Electroporation, in 0.4?cm electroporation cuvettes, was performed at 240?V and 960?μF with Gene Pulser electroporator. After electroporation, the cells were replated in RPMI 1640 containing 2% FBS. Six hours after transfection cells were stimulated for 24?h with medium or OA (30?ng/ml) or SB203580 for 30?min prior to OA stimulation. The cells were then harvested and lysed by commercially available luciferase lysis buffer. One-hundred μl of lysis product was added to 100?μl of luciferase assay reagents and luciferase activity was measured with the Anthos Lucy1 luminometer. CAT reporter activity of 100?μl lysis product plus 100?μl CAT dilution buffer was determined with a commercially available CAT Elisa kit.

Animal Research: In survival studies, C57BL/6J mice weighing 20 g to 30 g were briefly anesthetized with isoflurane and challenged with 0.05 mL of IT normal saline (NS, noninfected controls) or E. coli (15 × 10^9 CFU/kg) as previously described. One hour before NS challenge, mice (n = 24) received either intraperitoneal SB203580 (100 mg/kg in 0.25 mL) or diluent only (placebo). Infected animals received SB203580 in doses of 100, 10, 1, or 0.1 mg/kg or placebo 1 hour before IT E. coli (n = 241); SB203580 100 or 0.1 mg/kg or placebo 1 hour after E. coli (n = 121); or SB203580 100 mg/kg or placebo 12 hours after E. coli (n = 72). All animals received ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg in 0.1 mL, subcutaneously) for 4 days and NS (0.5 mL, subcutaneously) for 1 day beginning 4 hours after challenge. Animals were observed every 2 hours for the initial 48 hours, every 4 hours from 48 hours to 72 hours, every 8 hours from 72 hours to 96 hours, and then twice daily until study completion (168 hours). Sequential weekly experiments with 24 animals each compared either two to three doses of SB203580 versus placebo administered at similar times or similar doses of SB203580 versus placebo at differing treatment times. Study groups in each experiment were of equivalent sample size (i.e., 6 – 8 per group).

Chemical Properties

Molecular Weight: 377.44

Formula: C21H16FN3OS

CAS No.: 152121-47-6

Storage & Solubility Information

Storage

Powder: -20°C for 3 years

In solvent: -80°C for 2 years

Solubility Information

DMSO: 9.4 mg/mL (25 mM)

1eq. HCl: 37.7 mg/mL (100 mM)

( < 1 mg/ml refers to the product slightly soluble or insoluble )

Catalog #: T1764

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References and Literature

1. Lali FV, et al. The pyridinyl imidazole inhibitor SB203580 blocks phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity, protein kinase B phosphorylation, and retinoblastoma hyperphosphorylation in interleukin-2-stimulated T cells independently of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 10;275(10):7395-402.

2. Cuenda A, et al. SB 203580 is a specific inhibitor of a MAP kinase homologue which is stimulated by cellular stresses and interleukin-1. FEBS Lett. 1995 May 8;364(2):229-33.

3. Birkenkamp KU, et al. The p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 enhances nuclear factor-kappa B transcriptional activity by a non-specific effect upon the ERK pathway. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Sep;131(1):99-107.

4. Jin N, et al. The selective p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, SB203580, improves renal disease in MRL/lpr mouse model of systemic lupus. Int Immunopharmacol. 2011 Sep;11(9):1319-26.

5. Su J, et al. SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, improved cardiac function but worsened lung injury and survival during Escherichia coli pneumonia in mice. J Trauma. 2010 Jun;68(6):1317-27.

7. Liu J, Lv L, Gong J, et al. Overexpression of F-box only protein 31 predicts poor prognosis and deregulates p38α- and JNK-mediated apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [J]. International journal of cancer. 2018 Jan 1;142(1):145-155.

8. Zhou B, Yan J, Guo L, et al. Hepatoma cell-intrinsic TLR9 activation induces immune escape through PD-L1 upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Theranostics. 2020, 10(14): 6530.

9. Hu S, Zhu L, Song Y, et al. Radiation-induced abscopal reproductive effect is driven by TNF-α/p38 MAPK/Rac1 axis in Sertoli cells[J]. Theranostics. 2021, 11(12): 5742.